The following is the text of my presentation made in Cairo on the 18th December 2023 at a UNIDO organised event presenting the results of a project on ESCO contracts completed by a consortium…

Headlines Current primary steel production is highly integrated; incremental efficiency improvements can only further reduce emissions by about 10%. The analysis of scenarios published recently by…

Headlines Fossil fuel combustion to meet heating needs accounts for 35% of cement’s CO2 emissions. The remaining 65% are due to direct process emissions, which must also be addressed. The biomass use…