Política & Regulação

A estratégia de gestão do carbono industrial da UE tem como objetivo a neutralidade climática até 2050, visando inovações na captura e utilização de carbono (CCU), na captura e armazenamento de carbono (CCS) e no transporte de CO2 através de uma rede de 19 000 km. Esta abordagem transformadora, que promove uma cadeia de valor do carbono, poderá gerar entre 45 e 100 mil milhões de euros e criar entre 75 000 e 170 000 postos de trabalho até 2030, posicionando simultaneamente a UE como líder mundial em tecnologias de gestão do carbono. A estratégia coloca a tónica no investimento, na I&D, na participação do público, na cooperação internacional e no desenvolvimento regulamentar.

Os estudos traçam cenários para um sistema de energia 100% renovável até 2050, destacando a eletrificação, a predominância da energia solar e eólica, a criação de emprego, a flexibilidade da rede, a importância do armazenamento de energia, o papel do hidrogénio verde e os benefícios socioeconómicos, incluindo ganhos em termos de saúde e emprego.

The EU Energy Efficiency Directive sets binding targets to reduce energy use by 2030 and introduces measures across sectors for energy savings, prioritizing efficiency, sustainability, and enhanced energy security for European citizens and businesses, requiring member states to implement various efficiency strategies and reporting mechanisms.

The IEA's Energy Efficiency 2023 report calls for doubling global efficiency efforts to 4% annually for achieving net zero targets, highlighting significant regional progress, job creation potential, and the necessity for a transformative industry shift, supported by robust policies and investment.

The IEA's 2023 Net Zero Roadmap update outlines steps for a 1.5°C-aligned energy transition, emphasizing rapid clean energy deployment and innovation. It sets key 2030 milestones, including tripling renewables, improving efficiency, increasing EV sales, and reducing methane emissions. Global cooperation and investment are critical.

The European Union is advancing the digitalization of its energy infrastructure through 10 key initiatives that address data interoperability, grid management, cybersecurity, energy efficiency, and consumer empowerment to support its 2030 and 2050 climate goals. These initiatives aim to create an integrated, sustainable energy system that incorporates renewable energy and encourages innovation, while grappling with standardization and fast-paced digital innovation challenges.

Europe has become a global renewable energy leader, surpassing REPowerEU targets and reducing Russian fossil fuel imports. Policy frameworks and investments have driven renewable energy growth, yet challenges like high energy costs and regulatory hurdles persist. International cooperation is essential for further advancement.

The EU's AI Act introduces a risk-based AI regulation system, banning high-risk practices and enforcing strict requirements for market placement. It includes obligations for both in-EU and foreign entities affecting EU citizens and establishes a governance framework for consistent application, promoting ethical and trustworthy AI development through detailed standards and best practice codes. Significant penalties ensure compliance, while tailored provisions support SME innovation, all impacting broad sectors, including energy, where AI-driven efficiencies require adherence to these new regulations.

The EU's AI Act introduces a risk-based framework for AI, mandating requirements for high-risk systems and enforcing compliance. It addresses AI's potential in energy optimization, while emphasizing fundamental rights, safety, and a human-centric approach, with the IEA highlighting AI's role in achieving sustainability goals.